Sustainable Supply of Spring Water as a Social Challenge: A study of Seasonal Variations at Sikkim

Asha Subba, M. Pandey, Sangeeta Jha, Ajeya Jha, Karma Gurmey Dolma

Abstract
The common source of drinking water in the rural areas of east Sikkim is dhara, the natural spring. Owing to derive environmental factors such as rain water, landslide, soil erosion, waste from human and animal, it gets polluted directly or indirectly the water sources. The natural spring water from the selected areas are analysed in terms of physical parameters. Physical properties like temperature, pH, turbidity, salinity, total dissolved solids, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and hardness. The objective of the study is to determine the quality of natural spring water used for drinking and other domestic purpose in the rural areas of east Sikkim. All the observed values are compared with the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) guidelines. All the physical parameters are found within the permissible limit of Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) in all the three seasons. ANOVA and Correlation matrix reflect variations across seasons and moderate correlation across two phases of the study.

Key words: Sikkim (India) temperature, pH, turbidity, salinity, total dissolved solids, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, hardness.

Indexing

How to cite this article

	Open Access and Peer-reviewed
Home Journal Issues Guide for Authors Editorial Board Aims & Scope About Journal News & Announcements

ABOUT JOURNAL About Publisher Contact Us Editorial & Peer Review Process	POLICIES Privacy Policy Editorial Policy Author's Rights and Obligations Conflict of Interest Policy Plagiarism Policy Advertising Policy	STATEMENTS Terms of Use Author's Rights and Obligations Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement Protection of Research Participants (Statement On Human And Animal Rights) License Information