Testing of Gender and Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of General Self-Efficacy Scale

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine whether the Turkish version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale has gender and longitudinal measurement invariance. The study group in this research comprised 682 university students (371 female and 301 male) in the first group and 438 students (270 female and 168 male) in the second group. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess measurement
invariance. The measurement model was limited and invariance was tested in four stages. Comparisons related to the invariance model used the Satorra-Bentler chi-square difference test (SB). The results of the research found that the General Self-Efficacy scale abided by longitudinal measurement invariance while the metric invariance condition was provided across gender.