Eco-Floristic Study of Weed Flora of Garlic Crop in District Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Abstract

The present research was carried out to evaluate the floristic composition and ecological characteristics of weeds flora of garlic crop. This study was directed in district Bannu, Kp, Pakistan from September 2020 to March 2021.Overall, 19 weeds belonging from 10 various families were reported from the selected garlic field of the research area, out of which only 2 (10.52%) species are monocot belongs from a family Poaceae while the remaining 17 (89.47%) species are dicots belongs from 9 different families. Asteraceae and Polygonaceaeare the leading families having 3 (15.78%) species which are trailed by Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Papilionaceae, and Poaceae each having 2 (10.52%) species while the remaining 3 families Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and
Ranunculaceae having 1 (5.26%) species each. In a current study,the Annual contribute 13 (68.42%) species while the biennial and perennial contributed 4 (21.05%) and 2 (10.52%) species, respectively.The dominant life form spectra are therophyte spectra in a current study having 15 (78.94%) species followed by Geophyte having 3 (15.78%) species and hemicryptophyte having 1 (5.26%) species. Leaf size spectra demonstrated that nanophyll and microphyll are the dominant class having 6 (31.57%) species each, followed by mesophyll having 3 (15.78%) species while the leptophyll and macrophyll having 2 (10.52%) species each. The habitat condition reveals that wet plants were dominant having 12 (63.15%) spp which is trailed by dry plants having 6 (31.57%) spp and the only 1 (5.26%) cultivated species. Seasonal variation reveals that spring has a maximum flora of 19 (100%) spp followed by Winter 9 (47.36%) spp, summer 4 (21.05%) spp, and autumn 1 (5.26%) spp. The dominant leaf type is simple leaf having 11 (57.89%) spp followed by compound and dissected leaves having 4 (21.05%) spp. Phonologically 14 (73.68%) weeds were collected in the reproductive stage while 5 (26.31%) weeds were collected in a vegetative stage. Abundance classes demonstrate that 10 (52.63%) spp are frequent, trailed by 7 (36.84%) spp which is occasional, and 2 (10.52%) spp which is abundant.