The Development of Appropriate Universal Design Model in Muang Phitsanulok to Support Economic Growth, Society and Tourism

Abstract

The objectives of this research were 1) to study factors affecting the appropriate development of universal design model, 2) to take Global PositioningSystem (GPS) or Landmaps to make appropriate universal design data, and 3) to study the appropriate universal design model for Muang Phitsanulok District for the economic growth, society and tourism.For the quantitative research, the research team utilized questionnaire by using Taro Yamane’s table with the reliability of 95% and error of ± 5 %.The samples were 400 participants.In terms of interviewees by purposive sampling were as follows: 1) 3 interviewees from Tourism Authority of Thailand in Phitsanulok, 2) 3 interviewees from the Office of Social Development and Human Security of Phitsanulok, 3) 19 interviewees from Local
Administrative Organization of Phitsanulok and 38 participants from focus group discussion.The data were analyzed by employing mean, standard deviation.The findings were as follows: 1. Factors affecting the appropriate development of universal design model overall were at a high level and when considered by items, it was found that the highest mean was understanding, perceptible information, followed by the easy application, flexibility, equity on application, physical relief, appropriate working space, and safety.
2.Taking Global Positioning System (GPS) or Land maps to make appropriate universal design data for Muang Phitsanulok Districty, it was found that the access of GPS or Land maps to make the data from 25 government offices and private sectors and Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat was accessed the most because of being very important tourist attraction of Phitsanulok which is standardized in terms of design and universal design supporting the economic growth, society and tourism. 3.The appropriate development of universal design model should comprise venue, material, everything around us to support social members without specifically designed for certain group, it should be design for all genders, ages, pedestrians or wheel chairs. The mentioned design will focus on ultimate usefulness for mutual society without any limit such as the ramp and venue for wheel chair users, or block path for the blind for their convenience and safety.