A Comprehensive Study On Dynamic Biomechanical Deconstruction Of Square Stance Versus Open Stance In Tennis

Abstract

This review delves into the biomechanics of the tennis backhand stroke, these studies shed light on the intricate interplay between stance width, muscle activation, ground reaction forces, open versus square stance, and skill level. A key finding suggests that wider stances enhance ball velocity while potentially reducing muscle activity, while narrower stances favor accuracy and control. Optimal stance width appears to be player- specific, depending on skill level and performance goals. Further analysis revealed distinct muscle activation patterns associated with backhand performance. Elite players displayed greater efficiency in power generation and transfer compared to their sub-elite counterparts. Additionally, wider stances generated higher ground reaction forces, potentially impacting joint loading and injury risk. Studies comparing open and square stance in professional players highlighted contrasting benefits. Open stance yielded greater power and ball velocity, while square stance led to improved accuracy and control. This suggests an individualized approach to stance selection, tailored to player strengths and weaknesses. Comparisons between elite and recreational players revealed differences in trunk rotation, shoulder range of motion, and joint torques, emphasizing the importance of proper backhand biomechanics for optimal performance. Additionally, stance width and ball speed were found to influence backhand biomechanics, with wider stances and faster ball speeds requiring greater trunk rotation and shoulder range of motion. Despite significant progress, some research gaps persist. Future studies should investigate the optimal stance width for diverse skill levels and performance goals, explore the influence of stance width and ball speed on injury risk, and compare backhand biomechanics across different populations. Additionally, developing multi- modal approaches incorporating various biomechanical analysis techniques and translating findings into evidence-based training programs and injury prevention strategies are crucial next steps. By addressing these gaps, researchers can deepen our understanding of the complex biomechanics of the tennis backhand, ultimately aiding players of all levels in achieving optimal performance and preventing injuries.