Thanjavur Under The Marathas: Transformations In Social Structures And Cultural Expressions

Abstract

Thanjavur, a significant cultural and political center in southern India, underwent profound transformations during the Maratha rule (1674-1855). This study explores the shifts in social structures and cultural expressions in Thanjavur under the Marathas, emphasizing the integration of Maratha administrative, religious, and artistic influences. The Marathas' patronage of art, architecture, and religious institutions resulted in the flourishing of local traditions while introducing new cultural practices, creating a unique synthesis. Socially, the Maratha period saw the consolidation of caste hierarchies, with significant changes in land ownership patterns and the rise of new elites within the polity. The Maratha rulers actively supported the Brahmin and local communities, which impacted both religious practices and the landscape of Thanjavur, evident in the construction of temples and the revival of regional art forms such as Tanjore painting and classical dance. The period also witnessed the development of a distinct Maratha-Tamil cultural blend, especially in the fields of music, literature, and temple rituals. By focusing on both the elite patronage and the broader societal changes, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic transformation of Thanjavur under the Maratha rule. These shifts highlight the evolving nature of regional power structures, cultural expressions, and social mobility during a crucial period in South Indian history.