Emir Abdelkader: The Problem Of Identity And Modernity In The Establishment Of The Algerian State – A Philosophical Reading In A Foundational Model

Abstract

In the context of re-examining Algerian modernity, Emir Abdelkader emerges as an exceptional philosophical and political figure who succeeded in establishing a modern state entity despite the civilizational fragmentation that loomed over his homeland—a crisis exacerbated by French colonization. The Emir transcended mere military confrontation, crafting a philosophical vision rooted in unifying collective identity through reconciling warring tribes under the umbrella of religious constants and a shared will to resist colonialism.

Emir Abdelkader’s state embodied a composite civilizational project, blending Islamic authenticity (through the application of Sharia principles and values of justice) with rational governance based on Shura (consultation) as a mechanism for political dialogue. This was coupled with the creation of deeply rooted national symbolism—a flag, currency, and seal expressing sovereignty. He also established institutional state structures, such as the Consultative Council (Shura), which organized administration through territorial divisions and specialized ministries, hinting at the seeds of a modern state mentality a century before its Arab counterparts.